Light automation project – Part 1

Posted on September 27, 2012 by Fritz

So today I’ll talk about the final parts of my light automation project. This includes a combination of the light sensor, presence detection using Bluetooth and PIR sensor. I also use the schematics designed for switching 24V using a microcontroller.

Always protect yourself (ATmega328) against relays

I normally planned to finish this project, but some problems arrived. I also used a relay to switch some 240V lights. I never really thought about relays so I just connected them and placed a diode to protect my ATmega328. This failed totally, my ATmega328 is ruined (cannot write to it, random ports light up).

So I decided to buy a new one (not expensive) and create a new circuit that will protect my ATmega328. I used the same idea from my 24V transistor switch but used a BC547B transistor and calculated the new resistor value:

$R_b = \frac{V_b * h_{FE(min)}}{5 * I_{c(max)}}$

$R_b = \frac{5V * 200}{5*0.03A} = 6666.667\Omega \approx 6k8\Omega$

The result is that I now have a save way to switch a relay without blowing up my micro controller. (Finding a 5V relay is quite hard in Multisim, apparently for such an easy component I need to pay extra…)

Building a wooden enclosure

I decided to use a breadboard instead of a PCB. The main advantage is that I can change my breadboard over time. I also don’t need to wait on my PCB or pay a lot of money for it. I used wood to build an enclosure for the breadboard and added DC jack connectors so I can plug-in my lights and sensors.

I think it turned out quite well. I only had a normal saw and some glue (and a drill of course). I also rounded the corners (I hope apple wont sue me now), to give it a smooth edge. It’s 21cmx10cm for people who are wondering.

The state machine that does all the work

For software I decided to use a state machine. They are quite common and very easy to implement (switch statement anyone?). There are libraries out there and very advance stuff but I kept it basic.

There are 4 different states, one special and 3 normal states:

Idle state: We start in this state, the Arduino will check the light sensor every 5 minutes, if the value of the sensor drops below a threshold we advanced to the next state: the dark state
Dark state: We always check the PIR sensor in the dark state, it’s now dark enough to switch the light on. We also check for Bluetooth devices every 5 minutes. If we find a device or the PIR sensor gets triggered we advance to the light state.
Light state: We switch the light on and keep checking if it’s dark enough and if a Bluetooth device is active.
Remote state: In this state we do nothing, only the commands send from a web interface are executed.

The Bluetooth search for devices doesn’t always turn out well. Sometimes no device can be found when clearly my cell phone is next to the dongle. To solve this we assume that we need 4 concurrent errors (or no Bluetooth devices found) before we switch the light off. If a device can be found then we reset the error counter.

This also means that, if your Bluetooth search has an interval of 5 minutes, it will take 20 minutes (4 concurrent errors) before the lights will turn off after a Bluetooth device is turned off. I’ll release the source code next time, there are still some little errors and problems in the code.

The web interface

I also added a web interface and added new functions in the ArduinoPi 1.5 library. First I’ve added 3 functions to the ArduinoPi:

toggleRemoteLight: This function will enable the remote controls (sending the ATmega328 in the remote state).
requestParLight: The function will request all the parameters that can be edited and display them in the web interface.
configParLight: Send the new parameters back to the ATmega328

On the ATmega328 side I also added the new command’s. The result is the following web interface.

Next time I’ll post my code and talk about implementing a relay so it can switch 230V safely. Hopefully I wont blow up another ATmega328

Power dissipation from 24V to 5V switching regulator

Posted on September 20, 2012 by Fritz

Let’s go back to electronics. I’m planning to power my complete setup using a 3A 24V power supply. This means I have to lower the voltage from 24V to 5V for the AVR chip using a switching regulator.

I started with buying a Atmega328 AVR kit (it includes a 16MHz crystal, capacitors and a linear voltage regulator) and just followed the Standalone bread board tutorial on Arduino. It’s a great tutorial but one point of advice, instead of taking pictures of everything why not use schematics? If somebody created a simple schematic I figured it out in 5 minutes without reading all the steps.

Power dissipation problems with linear voltage regulators

We use a 7805 linear voltage regulator, reading from the specifications it’s possible to connect a 24V supply to it and the voltage regulator will output 5V. One question where did the 19V go to? Let’s figure that out with a little calculation, the Atmega328 has a load of 150mA (assuming we connected some sensors).

We can calculate the power the 7805 needs to dissipate:

$P = U*I = (24V-5V) * 0.15 =2.85W$

The thermal conductivity from the die to the case (called Rjc) is 5 C/W and the thermal conductivity from the case to air (called Rja) is 65 C/W. We now can calculate the temperature difference between the die and the tab:

$T_{die} = P * Rjc = 2.85W * 5C/W=14.25C$

Without a heatsink we can calculate how much warmer the package temperature will be compared with the air surrounding it:

$T_{air} = P * Rja = 2.85W * 65C/W =182.255C$

That means the package temperature will be 182.3 °C warmer then the air surrounding it. The device will thermally shutdown at 125 °C. It’s possible to add a heat sink to dissipate the 2.85W so the device wont thermally shut down.

Switching regulator for power dissipation problems

The 150mA is an overestimate but displays the problem. One solution is to cascade voltage regulators. This means adding a 12V voltage regulator before the 5V, but the same problem appears. The 2.85W will now be dissipated over an 7805 (1.05W) and a 7812 (1.8W), so they both need a heat sink.

Another possibility is using a switching regulator. Unlike the linear regulator the switching regulator has a high-efficiency. Depending on the circuit, manufacturer or random internet guy, the efficiency lies between 80%-98%. A linear voltage regulator lowers the voltage by dissipating heat (think variable resistor) and has an efficiency of a merely 50%.

A switching regulator has a switch that switches (clever I know). The switch goes on and off at a fixed rate usually between 50kHz-100kHz. It also needs an extra circuit with a coil, capacitor and diode. More information about the operation.

So now I’m waiting on my parts, in the mean time I started merging the code from my little research and steps to form a light automation code that will switch my light depending on external variables. More on that next time!

Motion detection using Motion

Posted on September 12, 2012 by Fritz

Last time I talked about using Bluetooth presence detection and using a PIR sensor. Today I’ll talk about the last way to detect somebody in a room, now using a webcam and Motion. The Arduino can’t handle a webcam so I attached my webcam to the Raspberry Pi.

Before using Motion

Before using motion, make sure that your USB webcam is recognized by the Raspberry Pi. Simply run the following command.

root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9512 Standard Microsystems Corp.
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp.
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 1a40:0101 Terminus Technology Inc. 4-Port HUB
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 7392:7811 Edimax Technology Co., Ltd EW-7811Un 802.11n Wireless Adapter [Realtek RTL8188CUS]
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 1a40:0101 Terminus Technology Inc. 4-Port HUB
Bus 001 Device 007: ID 045e:00f7 Microsoft Corp. LifeCam VX-1000

root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# lsusb

Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9512 Standard Microsystems Corp.

Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp.

Bus 001 Device 004: ID 1a40:0101 Terminus Technology Inc. 4-Port HUB

Bus 001 Device 005: ID 7392:7811 Edimax Technology Co., Ltd EW-7811Un 802.11n Wireless Adapter [Realtek RTL8188CUS]

Bus 001 Device 006: ID 1a40:0101 Terminus Technology Inc. 4-Port HUB

Bus 001 Device 007: ID 045e:00f7 Microsoft Corp. LifeCam VX-1000

And as you can see my Microsoft LifeCam VX-1000 gets picked up quit easily (didn’t had to do anything). Then its time to install motion. Simple run apt-get install motion and everything is installed.

One note, I ran apt-update & apt-upgrade and I updated to the latest firmware, great but my internet connection was gone. Luckily the developers decided to include the most common wireless drivers so everything worked out.

Configuring Motion

Configuring Motion is more like playing with the settings a bit, just stick with the lowest resolution (320×240) and a frame rate of 2 frames/sec. A higher frame rate may be possible, your Raspberry Pi will likely crash or mess up the frames so you’ll notice your frame rate was to high or you changed something you shouldn’t.

I started by creating 2 folders in my home folder, one named motion for the resulting video/pictures and webcam that holds my specific webcam configurations. In the webcam folder I created a file cam0.conf with the following:

root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# cat webcam/cam0.conf
videodevice /dev/video0

1 2	root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# cat webcam/cam0.conf videodevice /dev/video0

Then here is my motion configuration file, I’ve changed a bit and disabled a lot of options. I only requested pictures when there was motion detection (meaning more than 1500 pixels changed) and didn’t need any video, database integration or remote control/streaming. This is a bare bone configuration.

# Rename this distribution example file to motion.conf
#
# This config file was generated by motion 3.2.12

############################################################
# Daemon
############################################################

# Start in daemon (background) mode and release terminal (default: off)
daemon on

# File to store the process ID, also called pid file. (default: not defined)
process_id_file /var/run/motion/motion.pid 

############################################################
# Basic Setup Mode
############################################################

# Start in Setup-Mode, daemon disabled. (default: off)
setup_mode off

###########################################################
# Capture device options
############################################################

# Videodevice to be used for capturing  (default /dev/video0)
# for FreeBSD default is /dev/bktr0
videodevice /dev/video0

# v4l2_palette allows to choose preferable palette to be use by motion
# to capture from those supported by your videodevice. (default: 8)
# E.g. if your videodevice supports both V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8 and
# V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG then motion will by default use V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG.
# Setting v4l2_palette to 1 forces motion to use V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8
# instead.
#
# Values :
# V4L2_PIX_FMT_SN9C10X : 0  'S910'
# V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8  : 1  'BA81'
# V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG   : 2  'MJPEG'
# V4L2_PIX_FMT_JPEG    : 3  'JPEG'
# V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24   : 4  'RGB3'
# V4L2_PIX_FMT_UYVY    : 5  'UYVY'
# V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV    : 6  'YUYV'
# V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV422P : 7  '422P'
# V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420  : 8  'YU12'
v4l2_palette 3

# Tuner device to be used for capturing using tuner as source (default /dev/tuner0)
# This is ONLY used for FreeBSD. Leave it commented out for Linux
; tunerdevice /dev/tuner0

# The video input to be used (default: 8)
# Should normally be set to 0 or 1 for video/TV cards, and 8 for USB cameras
input 8

# The video norm to use (only for video capture and TV tuner cards)
# Values: 0 (PAL), 1 (NTSC), 2 (SECAM), 3 (PAL NC no colour). Default: 0 (PAL)
norm 0

# The frequency to set the tuner to (kHz) (only for TV tuner cards) (default: 0)
frequency 0

# Rotate image this number of degrees. The rotation affects all saved images as
# well as mpeg movies. Valid values: 0 (default = no rotation), 90, 180 and 270.
rotate 0

# Image width (pixels). Valid range: Camera dependent, default: 352
width 320

# Image height (pixels). Valid range: Camera dependent, default: 288
height 240

# Maximum number of frames to be captured per second.
# Valid range: 2-100. Default: 100 (almost no limit).
framerate 2

# Minimum time in seconds between capturing picture frames from the camera.
# Default: 0 = disabled - the capture rate is given by the camera framerate.
# This option is used when you want to capture images at a rate lower than 2 per second.
minimum_frame_time 0

# URL to use if you are using a network camera, size will be autodetected (incl http:// ftp:// or file:///)
# Must be a URL that returns single jpeg pictures or a raw mjpeg stream. Default: Not defined
; netcam_url value

# Username and password for network camera (only if required). Default: not defined
# Syntax is user:password
; netcam_userpass value

# The setting for keep-alive of network socket, should improve performance on compatible net cameras.
# 1.0:         The historical implementation using HTTP/1.0, closing the socket after each http request.
# keep_alive:  Use HTTP/1.0 requests with keep alive header to reuse the same connection.
# 1.1:         Use HTTP/1.1 requests that support keep alive as default.
# Default: 1.0
; netcam_http 1.0

# URL to use for a netcam proxy server, if required, e.g. "http://myproxy".
# If a port number other than 80 is needed, use "http://myproxy:1234".
# Default: not defined
; netcam_proxy value 

# Set less strict jpeg checks for network cameras with a poor/buggy firmware.
# Default: off
netcam_tolerant_check off

# Let motion regulate the brightness of a video device (default: off).
# The auto_brightness feature uses the brightness option as its target value.
# If brightness is zero auto_brightness will adjust to average brightness value 128.
# Only recommended for cameras without auto brightness
auto_brightness off

# Set the initial brightness of a video device.
# If auto_brightness is enabled, this value defines the average brightness level
# which Motion will try and adjust to.
# Valid range 0-255, default 0 = disabled
brightness 100

# Set the contrast of a video device.
# Valid range 0-255, default 0 = disabled
contrast 50

# Set the saturation of a video device.
# Valid range 0-255, default 0 = disabled
saturation 25

# Set the hue of a video device (NTSC feature).
# Valid range 0-255, default 0 = disabled
hue 0

############################################################
# Round Robin (multiple inputs on same video device name)
############################################################

# Number of frames to capture in each roundrobin step (default: 1)
roundrobin_frames 1

# Number of frames to skip before each roundrobin step (default: 1)
roundrobin_skip 1

# Try to filter out noise generated by roundrobin (default: off)
switchfilter off

############################################################
# Motion Detection Settings:
############################################################

# Threshold for number of changed pixels in an image that
# triggers motion detection (default: 1500)
threshold 4000

# Automatically tune the threshold down if possible (default: off)
threshold_tune off

# Noise threshold for the motion detection (default: 32)
noise_level 64

# Automatically tune the noise threshold (default: on)
noise_tune on

# Despeckle motion image using (e)rode or (d)ilate or (l)abel (Default: not defined)
# Recommended value is EedDl. Any combination (and number of) of E, e, d, and D is valid.
# (l)abeling must only be used once and the 'l' must be the last letter.
# Comment out to disable
despeckle EedDl

# Detect motion in predefined areas (1 - 9). Areas are numbered like that:  1 2 3
# A script (on_area_detected) is started immediately when motion is         4 5 6
# detected in one of the given areas, but only once during an event.        7 8 9
# One or more areas can be specified with this option. (Default: not defined)
; area_detect value

# PGM file to use as a sensitivity mask.
# Full path name to. (Default: not defined)
; mask_file value

# Dynamically create a mask file during operation (default: 0)
# Adjust speed of mask changes from 0 (off) to 10 (fast)
smart_mask_speed 0

# Ignore sudden massive light intensity changes given as a percentage of the picture
# area that changed intensity. Valid range: 0 - 100 , default: 0 = disabled
lightswitch 0

# Picture frames must contain motion at least the specified number of frames
# in a row before they are detected as true motion. At the default of 1, all
# motion is detected. Valid range: 1 to thousands, recommended 1-5
minimum_motion_frames 1

# Specifies the number of pre-captured (buffered) pictures from before motion
# was detected that will be output at motion detection.
# Recommended range: 0 to 5 (default: 0)
# Do not use large values! Large values will cause Motion to skip video frames and
# cause unsmooth mpegs. To smooth mpegs use larger values of post_capture instead.
pre_capture 0

# Number of frames to capture after motion is no longer detected (default: 0)
post_capture 0

# Gap is the seconds of no motion detection that triggers the end of an event
# An event is defined as a series of motion images taken within a short timeframe.
# Recommended value is 60 seconds (Default). The value 0 is allowed and disables
# events causing all Motion to be written to one single mpeg file and no pre_capture.
gap 20

# Maximum length in seconds of an mpeg movie
# When value is exceeded a new mpeg file is created. (Default: 0 = infinite)
max_mpeg_time 3600

# Always save images even if there was no motion (default: off)
output_all off

############################################################
# Image File Output
############################################################

# Output 'normal' pictures when motion is detected (default: on)
# Valid values: on, off, first, best, center
# When set to 'first', only the first picture of an event is saved.
# Picture with most motion of an event is saved when set to 'best'.
# Picture with motion nearest center of picture is saved when set to 'center'.
# Can be used as preview shot for the corresponding movie.
output_normal on

# Output pictures with only the pixels moving object (ghost images) (default: off)
output_motion off

# The quality (in percent) to be used by the jpeg compression (default: 75)
quality 80

# Output ppm images instead of jpeg (default: off)
ppm off

############################################################
# FFMPEG related options
# Film (mpeg) file output, and deinterlacing of the video input
# The options movie_filename and timelapse_filename are also used
# by the ffmpeg feature
############################################################

# Use ffmpeg to encode mpeg movies in realtime (default: off)
ffmpeg_cap_new off

# Use ffmpeg to make movies with only the pixels moving
# object (ghost images) (default: off)
ffmpeg_cap_motion off

# Use ffmpeg to encode a timelapse movie 
# Default value 0 = off - else save frame every Nth second
ffmpeg_timelapse 0

# The file rollover mode of the timelapse video
# Valid values: hourly, daily (default), weekly-sunday, weekly-monday, monthly, manual
ffmpeg_timelapse_mode daily

# Bitrate to be used by the ffmpeg encoder (default: 400000)
# This option is ignored if ffmpeg_variable_bitrate is not 0 (disabled)
ffmpeg_bps 500000

# Enables and defines variable bitrate for the ffmpeg encoder.
# ffmpeg_bps is ignored if variable bitrate is enabled.
# Valid values: 0 (default) = fixed bitrate defined by ffmpeg_bps,
# or the range 2 - 31 where 2 means best quality and 31 is worst.
ffmpeg_variable_bitrate 0

# Codec to used by ffmpeg for the video compression.
# Timelapse mpegs are always made in mpeg1 format independent from this option.
# Supported formats are: mpeg1 (ffmpeg-0.4.8 only), mpeg4 (default), and msmpeg4.
# mpeg1 - gives you files with extension .mpg
# mpeg4 or msmpeg4 - gives you files with extension .avi
# msmpeg4 is recommended for use with Windows Media Player because
# it requires no installation of codec on the Windows client.
# swf - gives you a flash film with extension .swf
# flv - gives you a flash video with extension .flv
# ffv1 - FF video codec 1 for Lossless Encoding ( experimental )
# mov - QuickTime ( testing )
ffmpeg_video_codec swf

# Use ffmpeg to deinterlace video. Necessary if you use an analog camera
# and see horizontal combing on moving objects in video or pictures.
# (default: off)
ffmpeg_deinterlace off

############################################################
# Snapshots (Traditional Periodic Webcam File Output)
############################################################

# Make automated snapshot every N seconds (default: 0 = disabled)
snapshot_interval 0

############################################################
# Text Display
# %Y = year, %m = month, %d = date,
# %H = hour, %M = minute, %S = second, %T = HH:MM:SS,
# %v = event, %q = frame number, %t = thread (camera) number,
# %D = changed pixels, %N = noise level, \n = new line,
# %i and %J = width and height of motion area,
# %K and %L = X and Y coordinates of motion center
# %C = value defined by text_event - do not use with text_event!
# You can put quotation marks around the text to allow
# leading spaces
############################################################

# Locate and draw a box around the moving object.
# Valid values: on, off and preview (default: off)
# Set to 'preview' will only draw a box in preview_shot pictures.
locate on

# Draws the timestamp using same options as C function strftime(3)
# Default: %Y-%m-%d\n%T = date in ISO format and time in 24 hour clock
# Text is placed in lower right corner
text_right %Y-%m-%d\n%T-%q

# Draw a user defined text on the images using same options as C function strftime(3)
# Default: Not defined = no text
# Text is placed in lower left corner
; text_left CAMERA %t

# Draw the number of changed pixed on the images (default: off)
# Will normally be set to off except when you setup and adjust the motion settings
# Text is placed in upper right corner
text_changes off

# This option defines the value of the special event conversion specifier %C
# You can use any conversion specifier in this option except %C. Date and time
# values are from the timestamp of the first image in the current event.
# Default: %Y%m%d%H%M%S
# The idea is that %C can be used filenames and text_left/right for creating
# a unique identifier for each event.
text_event %Y%m%d%H%M%S

# Draw characters at twice normal size on images. (default: off)
text_double off

############################################################
# Target Directories and filenames For Images And Films
# For the options snapshot_, jpeg_, mpeg_ and timelapse_filename
# you can use conversion specifiers
# %Y = year, %m = month, %d = date,
# %H = hour, %M = minute, %S = second,
# %v = event, %q = frame number, %t = thread (camera) number,
# %D = changed pixels, %N = noise level,
# %i and %J = width and height of motion area,
# %K and %L = X and Y coordinates of motion center
# %C = value defined by text_event
# Quotation marks round string are allowed.
############################################################

# Target base directory for pictures and films
# Recommended to use absolute path. (Default: current working directory)
target_dir /home/pi/motion

# File path for snapshots (jpeg or ppm) relative to target_dir
# Default: %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S-snapshot
# Default value is equivalent to legacy oldlayout option
# For Motion 3.0 compatible mode choose: %Y/%m/%d/%H/%M/%S-snapshot
# File extension .jpg or .ppm is automatically added so do not include this.
# Note: A symbolic link called lastsnap.jpg created in the target_dir will always
# point to the latest snapshot, unless snapshot_filename is exactly 'lastsnap'
snapshot_filename %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S-snapshot

# File path for motion triggered images (jpeg or ppm) relative to target_dir
# Default: %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S-%q
# Default value is equivalent to legacy oldlayout option
# For Motion 3.0 compatible mode choose: %Y/%m/%d/%H/%M/%S-%q
# File extension .jpg or .ppm is automatically added so do not include this
# Set to 'preview' together with best-preview feature enables special naming
# convention for preview shots. See motion guide for details
jpeg_filename %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S-%q

# File path for motion triggered ffmpeg films (mpeg) relative to target_dir
# Default: %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S
# Default value is equivalent to legacy oldlayout option
# For Motion 3.0 compatible mode choose: %Y/%m/%d/%H%M%S
# File extension .mpg or .avi is automatically added so do not include this
# This option was previously called ffmpeg_filename
movie_filename %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S

# File path for timelapse mpegs relative to target_dir
# Default: %Y%m%d-timelapse
# Default value is near equivalent to legacy oldlayout option
# For Motion 3.0 compatible mode choose: %Y/%m/%d-timelapse
# File extension .mpg is automatically added so do not include this
timelapse_filename %Y%m%d-timelapse

############################################################
# Live Webcam Server
############################################################

# The mini-http server listens to this port for requests (default: 0 = disabled)
webcam_port 0

# Quality of the jpeg (in percent) images produced (default: 50) 
webcam_quality 50

# Output frames at 1 fps when no motion is detected and increase to the
# rate given by webcam_maxrate when motion is detected (default: off)
webcam_motion off

# Maximum framerate for webcam streams (default: 1)
webcam_maxrate 1

# Restrict webcam connections to localhost only (default: on)
webcam_localhost on

# Limits the number of images per connection (default: 0 = unlimited)
# Number can be defined by multiplying actual webcam rate by desired number of seconds
# Actual webcam rate is the smallest of the numbers framerate and webcam_maxrate
webcam_limit 0

############################################################
# HTTP Based Control
############################################################

# TCP/IP port for the http server to listen on (default: 0 = disabled)
control_port 0

# Restrict control connections to localhost only (default: on)
control_localhost on

# Output for http server, select off to choose raw text plain (default: on)
control_html_output on

# Authentication for the http based control. Syntax username:password
# Default: not defined (Disabled)
control_authentication username:password

############################################################
# Tracking (Pan/Tilt)
############################################################

# Type of tracker (0=none (default), 1=stepper, 2=iomojo, 3=pwc, 4=generic, 5=uvcvideo)
# The generic type enables the definition of motion center and motion size to
# be used with the conversion specifiers for options like on_motion_detected
track_type 0

# Enable auto tracking (default: off)
track_auto off

# Serial port of motor (default: none)
; track_port value

# Motor number for x-axis (default: 0)
track_motorx 0

# Motor number for y-axis (default: 0)
track_motory 0

# Maximum value on x-axis (default: 0)
track_maxx 0

# Maximum value on y-axis (default: 0)
track_maxy 0

# ID of an iomojo camera if used (default: 0)
track_iomojo_id 0

# Angle in degrees the camera moves per step on the X-axis
# with auto-track (default: 10)
# Currently only used with pwc type cameras
track_step_angle_x 10

# Angle in degrees the camera moves per step on the Y-axis
# with auto-track (default: 10)
# Currently only used with pwc type cameras
track_step_angle_y 10

# Delay to wait for after tracking movement as number
# of picture frames (default: 10)
track_move_wait 10

# Speed to set the motor to (stepper motor option) (default: 255)
track_speed 255

# Number of steps to make (stepper motor option) (default: 40)
track_stepsize 40

############################################################
# External Commands, Warnings and Logging:
# You can use conversion specifiers for the on_xxxx commands
# %Y = year, %m = month, %d = date,
# %H = hour, %M = minute, %S = second,
# %v = event, %q = frame number, %t = thread (camera) number,
# %D = changed pixels, %N = noise level,
# %i and %J = width and height of motion area,
# %K and %L = X and Y coordinates of motion center
# %C = value defined by text_event
# %f = filename with full path
# %n = number indicating filetype
# Both %f and %n are only defined for on_picture_save,
# on_movie_start and on_movie_end
# Quotation marks round string are allowed.
############################################################

# Do not sound beeps when detecting motion (default: on)
# Note: Motion never beeps when running in daemon mode.
quiet on

# Command to be executed when an event starts. (default: none)
# An event starts at first motion detected after a period of no motion defined by gap 
on_event_start php /opt/www/motion.php

# Command to be executed when an event ends after a period of no motion
# (default: none). The period of no motion is defined by option gap.
; on_event_end value

# Command to be executed when a picture (.ppm|.jpg) is saved (default: none)
# To give the filename as an argument to a command append it with %f
; on_picture_save value

# Command to be executed when a motion frame is detected (default: none)
; on_motion_detected value

# Command to be executed when motion in a predefined area is detected
# Check option 'area_detect'.   (default: none)
; on_area_detected value

# Command to be executed when a movie file (.mpg|.avi) is created. (default: none)
# To give the filename as an argument to a command append it with %f
; on_movie_start value

# Command to be executed when a movie file (.mpg|.avi) is closed. (default: none)
# To give the filename as an argument to a command append it with %f
; on_movie_end value

# Command to be executed when a camera can't be opened or if it is lost
# NOTE: There is situations when motion doesn't detect a lost camera!
# It depends on the driver, some drivers don't detect a lost camera at all
# Some hang the motion thread. Some even hang the PC! (default: none)
; on_camera_lost value

############################################################
# Common Options For MySQL and PostgreSQL database features.
# Options require the MySQL/PostgreSQL options to be active also.
############################################################

# Log to the database when creating motion triggered image file  (default: on)
sql_log_image off

# Log to the database when creating a snapshot image file (default: on)
sql_log_snapshot off

# Log to the database when creating motion triggered mpeg file (default: off)
sql_log_mpeg off

# Log to the database when creating timelapse mpeg file (default: off)
sql_log_timelapse off

# SQL query string that is sent to the database
# Use same conversion specifiers has for text features
# Additional special conversion specifiers are
# %n = the number representing the file_type
# %f = filename with full path
# Default value:
# insert into security(camera, filename, frame, file_type, time_stamp, text_event) values('%t', '%f', '%q', '%n', '%Y-%m-%d %T', '%C')
sql_query insert into security(camera, filename, frame, file_type, time_stamp, event_time_stamp) values('%t', '%f', '%q', '%n', '%Y-%m-%d %T', '%C')

############################################################
# Database Options For MySQL
############################################################

# Mysql database to log to (default: not defined)
; mysql_db value

# The host on which the database is located (default: localhost)
; mysql_host value

# User account name for MySQL database (default: not defined)
; mysql_user value

# User password for MySQL database (default: not defined)
; mysql_password value

############################################################
# Database Options For PostgreSQL
############################################################

# PostgreSQL database to log to (default: not defined)
; pgsql_db value

# The host on which the database is located (default: localhost)
; pgsql_host value

# User account name for PostgreSQL database (default: not defined)
; pgsql_user value

# User password for PostgreSQL database (default: not defined)
; pgsql_password value

# Port on which the PostgreSQL database is located (default: 5432)
; pgsql_port 5432

############################################################
# Video Loopback Device (vloopback project)
############################################################

# Output images to a video4linux loopback device
# The value '-' means next available (default: not defined)
; video_pipe value

# Output motion images to a video4linux loopback device
# The value '-' means next available (default: not defined)
; motion_video_pipe value

##############################################################
# Thread config files - One for each camera.
# Except if only one camera - You only need this config file.
# If you have more than one camera you MUST define one thread
# config file for each camera in addition to this config file.
##############################################################

# Remember: If you have more than one camera you must have one
# thread file for each camera. E.g. 2 cameras requires 3 files:
# This motion.conf file AND thread1.conf and thread2.conf.
# Only put the options that are unique to each camera in the
# thread config files. 
thread /home/pi/webcam/cam0.conf

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# Rename this distribution example file to motion.conf

# This config file was generated by motion 3.2.12

############################################################

# Daemon

############################################################

# Start in daemon (background) mode and release terminal (default: off)

daemon on

# File to store the process ID, also called pid file. (default: not defined)

process_id_file /var/run/motion/motion.pid

############################################################

# Basic Setup Mode

############################################################

# Start in Setup-Mode, daemon disabled. (default: off)

setup_mode off

###########################################################

# Capture device options

############################################################

# Videodevice to be used for capturing (default /dev/video0)

# for FreeBSD default is /dev/bktr0

videodevice /dev/video0

# v4l2_palette allows to choose preferable palette to be use by motion

# to capture from those supported by your videodevice. (default: 8)

# E.g. if your videodevice supports both V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8 and

# V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG then motion will by default use V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG.

# Setting v4l2_palette to 1 forces motion to use V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8

# instead.

# Values :

# V4L2_PIX_FMT_SN9C10X : 0 'S910'

# V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8 : 1 'BA81'

# V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG : 2 'MJPEG'

# V4L2_PIX_FMT_JPEG : 3 'JPEG'

# V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24 : 4 'RGB3'

# V4L2_PIX_FMT_UYVY : 5 'UYVY'

# V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV : 6 'YUYV'

# V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV422P : 7 '422P'

# V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420 : 8 'YU12'

v4l2_palette 3

# Tuner device to be used for capturing using tuner as source (default /dev/tuner0)

# This is ONLY used for FreeBSD. Leave it commented out for Linux

; tunerdevice /dev/tuner0

# The video input to be used (default: 8)

# Should normally be set to 0 or 1 for video/TV cards, and 8 for USB cameras

input 8

# The video norm to use (only for video capture and TV tuner cards)

# Values: 0 (PAL), 1 (NTSC), 2 (SECAM), 3 (PAL NC no colour). Default: 0 (PAL)

norm 0

# The frequency to set the tuner to (kHz) (only for TV tuner cards) (default: 0)

frequency 0

# Rotate image this number of degrees. The rotation affects all saved images as

# well as mpeg movies. Valid values: 0 (default = no rotation), 90, 180 and 270.

rotate 0

# Image width (pixels). Valid range: Camera dependent, default: 352

width 320

# Image height (pixels). Valid range: Camera dependent, default: 288

height 240

# Maximum number of frames to be captured per second.

# Valid range: 2-100. Default: 100 (almost no limit).

framerate 2

# Minimum time in seconds between capturing picture frames from the camera.

# Default: 0 = disabled - the capture rate is given by the camera framerate.

# This option is used when you want to capture images at a rate lower than 2 per second.

minimum_frame_time 0

# URL to use if you are using a network camera, size will be autodetected (incl http:// ftp:// or file:///)

# Must be a URL that returns single jpeg pictures or a raw mjpeg stream. Default: Not defined

; netcam_url value

# Username and password for network camera (only if required). Default: not defined

# Syntax is user:password

; netcam_userpass value

# The setting for keep-alive of network socket, should improve performance on compatible net cameras.

# 1.0: The historical implementation using HTTP/1.0, closing the socket after each http request.

# keep_alive: Use HTTP/1.0 requests with keep alive header to reuse the same connection.

# 1.1: Use HTTP/1.1 requests that support keep alive as default.

# Default: 1.0

; netcam_http 1.0

# URL to use for a netcam proxy server, if required, e.g. "http://myproxy".

# If a port number other than 80 is needed, use "http://myproxy:1234".

# Default: not defined

; netcam_proxy value

# Set less strict jpeg checks for network cameras with a poor/buggy firmware.

# Default: off

netcam_tolerant_check off

# Let motion regulate the brightness of a video device (default: off).

# The auto_brightness feature uses the brightness option as its target value.

# If brightness is zero auto_brightness will adjust to average brightness value 128.

# Only recommended for cameras without auto brightness

auto_brightness off

# Set the initial brightness of a video device.

# If auto_brightness is enabled, this value defines the average brightness level

# which Motion will try and adjust to.

# Valid range 0-255, default 0 = disabled

brightness 100

# Set the contrast of a video device.

# Valid range 0-255, default 0 = disabled

contrast 50

# Set the saturation of a video device.

# Valid range 0-255, default 0 = disabled

saturation 25

# Set the hue of a video device (NTSC feature).

# Valid range 0-255, default 0 = disabled

hue 0

############################################################

# Round Robin (multiple inputs on same video device name)

############################################################

# Number of frames to capture in each roundrobin step (default: 1)

roundrobin_frames 1

# Number of frames to skip before each roundrobin step (default: 1)

roundrobin_skip 1

# Try to filter out noise generated by roundrobin (default: off)

switchfilter off

############################################################

# Motion Detection Settings:

############################################################

# Threshold for number of changed pixels in an image that

# triggers motion detection (default: 1500)

threshold 4000

# Automatically tune the threshold down if possible (default: off)

threshold_tune off

# Noise threshold for the motion detection (default: 32)

noise_level 64

# Automatically tune the noise threshold (default: on)

noise_tune on

# Despeckle motion image using (e)rode or (d)ilate or (l)abel (Default: not defined)

# Recommended value is EedDl. Any combination (and number of) of E, e, d, and D is valid.

# (l)abeling must only be used once and the 'l' must be the last letter.

# Comment out to disable

despeckle EedDl

# Detect motion in predefined areas (1 - 9). Areas are numbered like that: 1 2 3

# A script (on_area_detected) is started immediately when motion is 4 5 6

# detected in one of the given areas, but only once during an event. 7 8 9

# One or more areas can be specified with this option. (Default: not defined)

; area_detect value

# PGM file to use as a sensitivity mask.

# Full path name to. (Default: not defined)

; mask_file value

# Dynamically create a mask file during operation (default: 0)

# Adjust speed of mask changes from 0 (off) to 10 (fast)

smart_mask_speed 0

# Ignore sudden massive light intensity changes given as a percentage of the picture

# area that changed intensity. Valid range: 0 - 100 , default: 0 = disabled

lightswitch 0

# Picture frames must contain motion at least the specified number of frames

# in a row before they are detected as true motion. At the default of 1, all

# motion is detected. Valid range: 1 to thousands, recommended 1-5

minimum_motion_frames 1

# Specifies the number of pre-captured (buffered) pictures from before motion

# was detected that will be output at motion detection.

# Recommended range: 0 to 5 (default: 0)

# Do not use large values! Large values will cause Motion to skip video frames and

# cause unsmooth mpegs. To smooth mpegs use larger values of post_capture instead.

pre_capture 0

# Number of frames to capture after motion is no longer detected (default: 0)

post_capture 0

# Gap is the seconds of no motion detection that triggers the end of an event

# An event is defined as a series of motion images taken within a short timeframe.

# Recommended value is 60 seconds (Default). The value 0 is allowed and disables

# events causing all Motion to be written to one single mpeg file and no pre_capture.

gap 20

# Maximum length in seconds of an mpeg movie

# When value is exceeded a new mpeg file is created. (Default: 0 = infinite)

max_mpeg_time 3600

# Always save images even if there was no motion (default: off)

output_all off

############################################################

# Image File Output

############################################################

# Output 'normal' pictures when motion is detected (default: on)

# Valid values: on, off, first, best, center

# When set to 'first', only the first picture of an event is saved.

# Picture with most motion of an event is saved when set to 'best'.

# Picture with motion nearest center of picture is saved when set to 'center'.

# Can be used as preview shot for the corresponding movie.

output_normal on

# Output pictures with only the pixels moving object (ghost images) (default: off)

output_motion off

# The quality (in percent) to be used by the jpeg compression (default: 75)

quality 80

# Output ppm images instead of jpeg (default: off)

ppm off

############################################################

# FFMPEG related options

# Film (mpeg) file output, and deinterlacing of the video input

# The options movie_filename and timelapse_filename are also used

# by the ffmpeg feature

############################################################

# Use ffmpeg to encode mpeg movies in realtime (default: off)

ffmpeg_cap_new off

# Use ffmpeg to make movies with only the pixels moving

# object (ghost images) (default: off)

ffmpeg_cap_motion off

# Use ffmpeg to encode a timelapse movie

# Default value 0 = off - else save frame every Nth second

ffmpeg_timelapse 0

# The file rollover mode of the timelapse video

# Valid values: hourly, daily (default), weekly-sunday, weekly-monday, monthly, manual

ffmpeg_timelapse_mode daily

# Bitrate to be used by the ffmpeg encoder (default: 400000)

# This option is ignored if ffmpeg_variable_bitrate is not 0 (disabled)

ffmpeg_bps 500000

# Enables and defines variable bitrate for the ffmpeg encoder.

# ffmpeg_bps is ignored if variable bitrate is enabled.

# Valid values: 0 (default) = fixed bitrate defined by ffmpeg_bps,

# or the range 2 - 31 where 2 means best quality and 31 is worst.

ffmpeg_variable_bitrate 0

# Codec to used by ffmpeg for the video compression.

# Timelapse mpegs are always made in mpeg1 format independent from this option.

# Supported formats are: mpeg1 (ffmpeg-0.4.8 only), mpeg4 (default), and msmpeg4.

# mpeg1 - gives you files with extension .mpg

# mpeg4 or msmpeg4 - gives you files with extension .avi

# msmpeg4 is recommended for use with Windows Media Player because

# it requires no installation of codec on the Windows client.

# swf - gives you a flash film with extension .swf

# flv - gives you a flash video with extension .flv

# ffv1 - FF video codec 1 for Lossless Encoding ( experimental )

# mov - QuickTime ( testing )

ffmpeg_video_codec swf

# Use ffmpeg to deinterlace video. Necessary if you use an analog camera

# and see horizontal combing on moving objects in video or pictures.

# (default: off)

ffmpeg_deinterlace off

############################################################

# Snapshots (Traditional Periodic Webcam File Output)

############################################################

# Make automated snapshot every N seconds (default: 0 = disabled)

snapshot_interval 0

############################################################

# Text Display

# %Y = year, %m = month, %d = date,

# %H = hour, %M = minute, %S = second, %T = HH:MM:SS,

# %v = event, %q = frame number, %t = thread (camera) number,

# %D = changed pixels, %N = noise level, \n = new line,

# %i and %J = width and height of motion area,

# %K and %L = X and Y coordinates of motion center

# %C = value defined by text_event - do not use with text_event!

# You can put quotation marks around the text to allow

# leading spaces

############################################################

# Locate and draw a box around the moving object.

# Valid values: on, off and preview (default: off)

# Set to 'preview' will only draw a box in preview_shot pictures.

locate on

# Draws the timestamp using same options as C function strftime(3)

# Default: %Y-%m-%d\n%T = date in ISO format and time in 24 hour clock

# Text is placed in lower right corner

text_right %Y-%m-%d\n%T-%q

# Draw a user defined text on the images using same options as C function strftime(3)

# Default: Not defined = no text

# Text is placed in lower left corner

; text_left CAMERA %t

# Draw the number of changed pixed on the images (default: off)

# Will normally be set to off except when you setup and adjust the motion settings

# Text is placed in upper right corner

text_changes off

# This option defines the value of the special event conversion specifier %C

# You can use any conversion specifier in this option except %C. Date and time

# values are from the timestamp of the first image in the current event.

# Default: %Y%m%d%H%M%S

# The idea is that %C can be used filenames and text_left/right for creating

# a unique identifier for each event.

text_event %Y%m%d%H%M%S

# Draw characters at twice normal size on images. (default: off)

text_double off

############################################################

# Target Directories and filenames For Images And Films

# For the options snapshot_, jpeg_, mpeg_ and timelapse_filename

# you can use conversion specifiers

# %Y = year, %m = month, %d = date,

# %H = hour, %M = minute, %S = second,

# %v = event, %q = frame number, %t = thread (camera) number,

# %D = changed pixels, %N = noise level,

# %i and %J = width and height of motion area,

# %K and %L = X and Y coordinates of motion center

# %C = value defined by text_event

# Quotation marks round string are allowed.

############################################################

# Target base directory for pictures and films

# Recommended to use absolute path. (Default: current working directory)

target_dir /home/pi/motion

# File path for snapshots (jpeg or ppm) relative to target_dir

# Default: %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S-snapshot

# Default value is equivalent to legacy oldlayout option

# For Motion 3.0 compatible mode choose: %Y/%m/%d/%H/%M/%S-snapshot

# File extension .jpg or .ppm is automatically added so do not include this.

# Note: A symbolic link called lastsnap.jpg created in the target_dir will always

# point to the latest snapshot, unless snapshot_filename is exactly 'lastsnap'

snapshot_filename %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S-snapshot

# File path for motion triggered images (jpeg or ppm) relative to target_dir

# Default: %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S-%q

# Default value is equivalent to legacy oldlayout option

# For Motion 3.0 compatible mode choose: %Y/%m/%d/%H/%M/%S-%q

# File extension .jpg or .ppm is automatically added so do not include this

# Set to 'preview' together with best-preview feature enables special naming

# convention for preview shots. See motion guide for details

jpeg_filename %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S-%q

# File path for motion triggered ffmpeg films (mpeg) relative to target_dir

# Default: %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S

# Default value is equivalent to legacy oldlayout option

# For Motion 3.0 compatible mode choose: %Y/%m/%d/%H%M%S

# File extension .mpg or .avi is automatically added so do not include this

# This option was previously called ffmpeg_filename

movie_filename %v-%Y%m%d%H%M%S

# File path for timelapse mpegs relative to target_dir

# Default: %Y%m%d-timelapse

# Default value is near equivalent to legacy oldlayout option

# For Motion 3.0 compatible mode choose: %Y/%m/%d-timelapse

# File extension .mpg is automatically added so do not include this

timelapse_filename %Y%m%d-timelapse

############################################################

# Live Webcam Server

############################################################

# The mini-http server listens to this port for requests (default: 0 = disabled)

webcam_port 0

# Quality of the jpeg (in percent) images produced (default: 50)

webcam_quality 50

# Output frames at 1 fps when no motion is detected and increase to the

# rate given by webcam_maxrate when motion is detected (default: off)

webcam_motion off

# Maximum framerate for webcam streams (default: 1)

webcam_maxrate 1

# Restrict webcam connections to localhost only (default: on)

webcam_localhost on

# Limits the number of images per connection (default: 0 = unlimited)

# Number can be defined by multiplying actual webcam rate by desired number of seconds

# Actual webcam rate is the smallest of the numbers framerate and webcam_maxrate

webcam_limit 0

############################################################

# HTTP Based Control

############################################################

# TCP/IP port for the http server to listen on (default: 0 = disabled)

control_port 0

# Restrict control connections to localhost only (default: on)

control_localhost on

# Output for http server, select off to choose raw text plain (default: on)

control_html_output on

# Authentication for the http based control. Syntax username:password

# Default: not defined (Disabled)

control_authentication username:password

############################################################

# Tracking (Pan/Tilt)

############################################################

# Type of tracker (0=none (default), 1=stepper, 2=iomojo, 3=pwc, 4=generic, 5=uvcvideo)

# The generic type enables the definition of motion center and motion size to

# be used with the conversion specifiers for options like on_motion_detected

track_type 0

# Enable auto tracking (default: off)

track_auto off

# Serial port of motor (default: none)

; track_port value

# Motor number for x-axis (default: 0)

track_motorx 0

# Motor number for y-axis (default: 0)

track_motory 0

# Maximum value on x-axis (default: 0)

track_maxx 0

# Maximum value on y-axis (default: 0)

track_maxy 0

# ID of an iomojo camera if used (default: 0)

track_iomojo_id 0

# Angle in degrees the camera moves per step on the X-axis

# with auto-track (default: 10)

# Currently only used with pwc type cameras

track_step_angle_x 10

# Angle in degrees the camera moves per step on the Y-axis

# with auto-track (default: 10)

# Currently only used with pwc type cameras

track_step_angle_y 10

# Delay to wait for after tracking movement as number

# of picture frames (default: 10)

track_move_wait 10

# Speed to set the motor to (stepper motor option) (default: 255)

track_speed 255

# Number of steps to make (stepper motor option) (default: 40)

track_stepsize 40

############################################################

# External Commands, Warnings and Logging:

# You can use conversion specifiers for the on_xxxx commands

# %Y = year, %m = month, %d = date,

# %H = hour, %M = minute, %S = second,

# %v = event, %q = frame number, %t = thread (camera) number,

# %D = changed pixels, %N = noise level,

# %i and %J = width and height of motion area,

# %K and %L = X and Y coordinates of motion center

# %C = value defined by text_event

# %f = filename with full path

# %n = number indicating filetype

# Both %f and %n are only defined for on_picture_save,

# on_movie_start and on_movie_end

# Quotation marks round string are allowed.

############################################################

# Do not sound beeps when detecting motion (default: on)

# Note: Motion never beeps when running in daemon mode.

quiet on

# Command to be executed when an event starts. (default: none)

# An event starts at first motion detected after a period of no motion defined by gap

on_event_start php /opt/www/motion.php

# Command to be executed when an event ends after a period of no motion

# (default: none). The period of no motion is defined by option gap.

; on_event_end value

# Command to be executed when a picture (.ppm|.jpg) is saved (default: none)

# To give the filename as an argument to a command append it with %f

; on_picture_save value

# Command to be executed when a motion frame is detected (default: none)

; on_motion_detected value

# Command to be executed when motion in a predefined area is detected

# Check option 'area_detect'. (default: none)

; on_area_detected value

# Command to be executed when a movie file (.mpg|.avi) is created. (default: none)

# To give the filename as an argument to a command append it with %f

; on_movie_start value

# Command to be executed when a movie file (.mpg|.avi) is closed. (default: none)

# To give the filename as an argument to a command append it with %f

; on_movie_end value

# Command to be executed when a camera can't be opened or if it is lost

# NOTE: There is situations when motion doesn't detect a lost camera!

# It depends on the driver, some drivers don't detect a lost camera at all

# Some hang the motion thread. Some even hang the PC! (default: none)

; on_camera_lost value

############################################################

# Common Options For MySQL and PostgreSQL database features.

# Options require the MySQL/PostgreSQL options to be active also.

############################################################

# Log to the database when creating motion triggered image file (default: on)

sql_log_image off

# Log to the database when creating a snapshot image file (default: on)

sql_log_snapshot off

# Log to the database when creating motion triggered mpeg file (default: off)

sql_log_mpeg off

# Log to the database when creating timelapse mpeg file (default: off)

sql_log_timelapse off

# SQL query string that is sent to the database

# Use same conversion specifiers has for text features

# Additional special conversion specifiers are

# %n = the number representing the file_type

# %f = filename with full path

# Default value:

# insert into security(camera, filename, frame, file_type, time_stamp, text_event) values('%t', '%f', '%q', '%n', '%Y-%m-%d %T', '%C')

sql_query insert into security(camera, filename, frame, file_type, time_stamp, event_time_stamp) values('%t', '%f', '%q', '%n', '%Y-%m-%d %T', '%C')

############################################################

# Database Options For MySQL

############################################################

# Mysql database to log to (default: not defined)

; mysql_db value

# The host on which the database is located (default: localhost)

; mysql_host value

# User account name for MySQL database (default: not defined)

; mysql_user value

# User password for MySQL database (default: not defined)

; mysql_password value

############################################################

# Database Options For PostgreSQL

############################################################

# PostgreSQL database to log to (default: not defined)

; pgsql_db value

# The host on which the database is located (default: localhost)

; pgsql_host value

# User account name for PostgreSQL database (default: not defined)

; pgsql_user value

# User password for PostgreSQL database (default: not defined)

; pgsql_password value

# Port on which the PostgreSQL database is located (default: 5432)

; pgsql_port 5432

############################################################

# Video Loopback Device (vloopback project)

############################################################

# Output images to a video4linux loopback device

# The value '-' means next available (default: not defined)

; video_pipe value

# Output motion images to a video4linux loopback device

# The value '-' means next available (default: not defined)

; motion_video_pipe value

##############################################################

# Thread config files - One for each camera.

# Except if only one camera - You only need this config file.

# If you have more than one camera you MUST define one thread

# config file for each camera in addition to this config file.

##############################################################

# Remember: If you have more than one camera you must have one

# thread file for each camera. E.g. 2 cameras requires 3 files:

# This motion.conf file AND thread1.conf and thread2.conf.

# Only put the options that are unique to each camera in the

# thread config files.

thread /home/pi/webcam/cam0.conf

Now the important part is the on_event_start option. You can select a program/script that needs to be executed when motion is detected. For example I created a simple PHP script that will save the date and time in a log file. This is my motion.php (you can of course change the path to something else).

date_default_timezone_set("Europe/Brussels");
$filePath = "/opt/www/motion.json";
$file = fopen($filePath, "a+");
$line = date("l d, m/Y H:i:s") . " found movement! \n\r";
fwrite($file, $line);
fclose($file);

date_default_timezone_set("Europe/Brussels");

$filePath = "/opt/www/motion.json";

$file = fopen($filePath, "a+");

$line = date("l d, m/Y H:i:s") . " found movement! \n\r";

fwrite($file, $line);

fclose($file);

Results of using Motion

I spent a day changing the commands, trying out stuff and looking that the results. I never did get the color working and everything is in black and gray with sometimes a flare of color (really strange).

The resulting log file from my PHP script shows that it logged 3 times.

Tuesday 11, 09/2012 15:14:20 found movement! 
Tuesday 11, 09/2012 15:15:03 found movement! 
Tuesday 11, 09/2012 15:16:59 found movement!

Tuesday 11, 09/2012 15:14:20 found movement!

Tuesday 11, 09/2012 15:15:03 found movement!

Tuesday 11, 09/2012 15:16:59 found movement!

Conclusion of presence detection

I’ve tested three ways to detect if somebody is in a room or not: Bluetooth, PIR sensor and Webcam (using Motion). A conclusion:

Bluetooth: Easy detection that only works if somebody has their Bluetooth on of course. It’s quite reliable and you don’t need to pair the device in order for it to work. A disadvantage is that scanning is slow and takes some time. Also if I’m sitting in the next room it also detects my “presence” because I’m still in range.
PIR Sensor: Fairly easy and accurate. It’s small, works without a delay and easy to program. A big disadvantage is that if a person is present in the room but not moving (like when you watch a movie) then there is no detection. A PIR sensor is great for triggering the light when you enter a room.
Webcam: Provides the user with a lot of options for detection motion. Provides images/movies of the detected motion. A disadvantage is that it’s a lot of overhead for detecting if somebody is in the room. In a dark room the user of IR LEDs might come in handy.

For my light Automation project I decided to use the Bluetooth detection to see if somebody is still in a room after a while (and check this every 5 minutes) and the PIR sensor for detecting when somebody enters a room, so they don’t have to wait till the Bluetooth detection kicks in.

Fritz-Hut

About Electronics and Informatics

Category Archives: Led Automation

Light automation project – Part 1

Always protect yourself (ATmega328) against relays

Building a wooden enclosure

The state machine that does all the work

The web interface

Power dissipation from 24V to 5V switching regulator

Power dissipation problems with linear voltage regulators

Switching regulator for power dissipation problems

Motion detection using Motion

Before using Motion

Results of using Motion

Conclusion of presence detection

Always protect yourself (ATmega328) against relays

Building a wooden enclosure

The state machine that does all the work

The web interface

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Power dissipation problems with linear voltage regulators

Switching regulator for power dissipation problems

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Before using Motion

Results of using Motion

Conclusion of presence detection

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